Providing these tracking features requires a harmonious combination of various elements. This is because it’s necessary to consider not only collecting sensor data but also accurate data processing, efficient storage, and providing a user interface.

Here’s a summary of the main technology stack:

1. Hardware (Sensors and Devices):

• Position Sensors:
  • GPS (Global Positioning System): Uses satellite signals to determine location on Earth. It is highly accurate in outdoor environments, but errors can occur indoors or in areas with weak GPS signals.
  • GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System): Uses other satellite navigation systems such as GLONASS, Galileo, and BeiDou together with GPS to improve location accuracy.
  • Wi-Fi/Bluetooth Beacons: Estimates indoor location using Wi-Fi or Bluetooth signals. Although less accurate than GPS, it can be usefully applied in indoor environments.
  • IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit): Integrates accelerometers, gyroscopes, and magnetometers to measure movement, direction, and rotation. It plays a role in supplementing location tracking when GPS signals are unstable.
• Distance Sensors:
  • Ultrasonic Sensors: Measure the distance to an object using ultrasound waves. Suitable for short-range measurement and has high precision.
  • LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging): Precisely measures distance using lasers. Suitable for measuring distances over a wide range and can also be used to acquire 3D spatial information.
• Devices:
  • Wearable Devices (Smartwatches, Bands, etc.): Track user movement and collect data.
  • Mobile Devices (Smartphones, Tablets, etc.): Acquire location information using various sensors such as GPS, Wi-Fi, and Bluetooth, and process and display data.
  • IoT Devices: Installed in specific locations to collect surrounding environment information and can be linked with location tracking systems.

2. Software (Data Processing and Analysis):

• Data Collection and Preprocessing: Refines the data collected from sensors and corrects errors. This includes processes such as noise removal, filtering, and data format conversion.
• Location Estimation Algorithms: Accurately estimates the user’s location by fusing various sensor data such as GPS, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, and IMU. Various algorithms such as Kalman filters and particle filters can be used.
• Distance and Duration Calculation Algorithms: Calculates travel distance, speed, and travel time using location information.
• Data Storage and Management: A database system is needed to efficiently store and manage the collected data. Cloud-based databases can be used to ensure data accessibility and scalability.
• Data Analysis and Visualization: Analyzes the collected data to extract meaningful information and provides it to the user in an easy-to-understand visualized form. For example, it can provide travel route maps, exercise record graphs, and activity time statistics.

3. Communication Technology:

• Bluetooth: Mainly used for data communication between wearable devices and mobile devices. It has the advantage of being able to transmit data with low power consumption.
• Wi-Fi: Enables fast data transmission using a wide bandwidth. It can also be used for indoor location estimation.
• Cellular Networks (LTE, 5G, etc.): Enables data communication over a wide range and is used for real-time location tracking and data transmission.
• IoT Communication Technologies (LoRa, NB-IoT, etc.): Specialized for low-power, long-range communication, it can be usefully applied for location tracking in wide areas.

4. Platforms and Services:

• Cloud Platform: A cloud-based platform is needed for data storage, analysis, and service provision. Various cloud platforms such as AWS, Google Cloud, and Azure can be used.
• API (Application Programming Interface): Providing APIs for linking with other services and applications is necessary.
• User Interface (UI/UX): It is necessary to provide users with an intuitive and convenient interface.

Summary of Core Technology Stack:

• Hardware: GPS/GNSS, IMU, Wi-Fi/Bluetooth, Ultrasonic/Laser rangefinders
• Software: Data collection/preprocessing, Location estimation/distance calculation algorithms, Database, Data analysis/visualization
• Communication Technology: Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, Cellular networks, IoT communication technologies
• Platform/Services: Cloud platform, API, UI/UX

A system built by effectively integrating these technology stacks can accurately and efficiently provide location, distance, and duration tracking in various fields.