You’re asking about the physical phenomena that can be measured by mechanical/dynamical sensors.

These sensors are capable of detecting a wide range of physical phenomena related to the movement, force, pressure, and deformation of objects. They are widely used in various devices and industrial settings, and particularly in wearable devices, they play a crucial role in measuring user activity, analyzing posture, and monitoring health. Let’s explore the main measurable phenomena and the representative sensors used for each:

1. Motion:

• Acceleration: Measures the rate of change of velocity of an object. Measured using an accelerometer, it can determine the direction and magnitude of movement.
• Angular Velocity: Measures the rotational speed of an object. Measured using a gyroscope, it can accurately determine the direction and speed of rotation.
• Displacement: Measures the change in position of an object. Measured using displacement sensors, encoders, etc., it provides information on the distance and direction moved.
• Velocity: Measures the speed of movement of an object. Measured using velocity sensors, radar, ultrasonic sensors, etc., it can accurately determine the speed of movement.

2. Force:

• Pressure: Measures the force applied per unit area. Measured using a pressure sensor, it can determine the magnitude of the pressure applied to an object.
• Load: Measures the weight or external force acting on an object. Measured using load cells, strain gauges, etc., it can accurately measure the weight of an object or the magnitude of the applied force.
• Torque: Measures the moment of force that causes an object to rotate. Measured using a torque sensor, it can determine the intensity of rotational motion.

3. Deformation:

• Strain: Measures the change in length of an object when an external force is applied. Measured using a strain gauge, it can determine how much an object has stretched or compressed.
• Stress: Measures the internal resistance force within an object. Measured using stress sensors, strain gauges, etc., it can determine how much force an object is experiencing.

4. Other Physical Quantities:

• Tilt: Measures the angle of inclination of an object. Measured using a tilt sensor, accelerometer, etc., it can determine how much an object is tilted.
• Vibration: Measures the oscillation of an object. Measured using vibration sensors, accelerometers, etc., it can analyze the frequency and amplitude of vibration.
• Shock: Measures a sudden and strong external force or impact. Measured using shock sensors, accelerometers, etc., it can determine the magnitude and duration of the impact.

Examples of Sensor Applications:

• Accelerometer: Used for automatic screen rotation in smartphones, activity tracking in wearable devices, and airbag deployment in cars.
• Gyroscope: Used for game control in smartphones, attitude control in drones, and providing immersive experiences in VR/AR devices.
• Pressure Sensor: Used for touchscreens, blood pressure monitors, and force control in industrial robots.
• Strain Gauge: Used for scales, load measurement in industrial machinery, and measuring wing deformation in aircraft.

As seen, mechanical/dynamical sensors measure various physical phenomena and are widely used throughout our lives and in various industries. Especially in wearable devices, these sensors play a crucial role in managing user health and safety, and providing more convenient and smart experiences.